What Do Environmental Designers Do

Design process

Environmental blueprint is the procedure of addressing surrounding environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. It seeks to create spaces that will enhance the natural, social, cultural and physical environment of particular areas.^[1] Classical prudent pattern may have always considered environmental factors; however, the ecology movement offset in the 1940s has made the concept more explicit.^[two]

Environmental design tin also refer to the applied arts and sciences dealing with creating the man-designed environment. These fields include compages, geography, urban planning, landscape compages, and interior design. Environmental design tin also encompass interdisciplinary areas such as historical preservation and lighting pattern. In terms of a larger telescopic, environmental design has implications for the industrial design of products: innovative automobiles, air current power generators, solar-powered equipment, and other kinds of equipment could serve as examples. Currently, the term has expanded to apply to ecological and sustainability problems.

History [edit]

The start traceable concepts of environmental designs focused primarily on solar heating, which began in Ancient Greece effectually 500 BCE. At the time, about of Greece had wearied its supply of wood for fuel, leading architects to blueprint houses that would capture the solar energy of the sun. The Greeks understood that the position of the sun varies throughout the twelvemonth. For a latitude of 40 degrees in summer the sun is loftier in the south, at an angle of 70 degrees at the zenith, while in winter, the lord's day travels a lower trajectory, with a zenith of 26 degrees. Greek houses were built with south-facing façades which received little to no sun in the summer just would receive total sun in the winter, warming the house. Additionally, the southern orientation also protected the firm from the colder northern winds. This clever arrangement of buildings influenced the use of the grid pattern of ancient cities. With the due north–southward orientation of the houses, the streets of Greek cities mainly ran east–west.

The practise of solar architecture continued with the Romans, who similarly had deforested much of their native Italian Peninsula past the first century BCE. The Roman heliocaminus, literally 'solar furnace', functioned with the same aspects of the earlier Greek houses. The numerous public baths were oriented to the southward. Roman architects added drinking glass to windows to allow for the passage of light and to conserve interior oestrus as it could not escape. The Romans also used greenhouses to grow crops all twelvemonth long and to cultivate the exotic plants coming from the far corners of the Empire. Pliny the Elderberry wrote of greenhouses that supplied the kitchen of the Emperor Tiberius during the year.^[3]

Forth with the solar orientation of buildings and the utilize of glass as a solar oestrus collector, the ancients knew other ways of harnessing solar energy. The Greeks, Romans and Chinese developed curved mirrors that could concentrate the dominicus's rays on an object with enough intensity to arrive burn down in seconds. The solar reflectors were often made of polished silver, copper or brass.

Early on roots of modern environmental design began in the tardily 19th century with writer/designer William Morris, who rejected the use of industrialized materials and processes in wallpaper, fabrics and books his studio produced. He and others, such as John Ruskin felt that the industrial revolution would lead to harm done to nature and workers.

The narrative of Brian Danitz and Chris Zelov'due south documentary motion-picture show Ecological Design: Inventing the Future asserts that in the decades after World War II, "The world was forced to confront the dark shadow of science and manufacture." From the middle of the twentieth century, thinkers like Buckminster Fuller take acted as catalysts for a broadening and deepening of the concerns of environmental designers. Present, energy efficiency, appropriate engineering science, organic horticulture and agriculture, land restoration, New Urbanism, and ecologically sustainable energy and waste systems are recognized considerations or options and may each find application.

By integrating renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, and even geothermal energy into structures, it is possible to create zero emission buildings, where energy consumption is self-generating and not-polluting. It is also possible to construct "energy-plus buildings" which generate more than energy than they eat, and the excess could then exist sold to the grid. In the United States, the LEED Green Edifice Rating System rates structures on their environmental sustainability.

Environmental pattern and planning [edit]

Environmental design and planning is the moniker used by several Ph.D. programs that have a multidisciplinary arroyo to the built environment. Typically ecology design and planning programs address architectural history or design (interior or exterior), city or regional planning, landscape architecture history or design, ecology planning, construction science, cultural geography, or celebrated preservation. Social science methods are frequently employed; aspects of folklore or psychology can exist office of a research program.

The concept of "ecology" in these programs is quite broad and can encompass aspects of the natural, built, work, or social environments.

Areas of inquiry [edit]

Architecture
Construction scientific discipline
Environmental
Environmental affect blueprint
Environmental planning
Environmental psychology
Environmental folklore
Celebrated preservation
Landscape architecture
Folklore of architecture
Sustainability
Urban planning

Bookish programs [edit]

The post-obit universities offer a Ph.D. in environmental design and planning:

Clemson Academy, Higher of Compages, Arts and Humanities (Now called "Planning, Pattern, and the Congenital Environment")
Arizona State University, College of Design
Kansas State University
University of Calgary (technically the Ph.D. is in "ecology design," simply encompasses the same scope as the other programs)

Virginia Tech until recently offered the caste plan, but has since replaced it with programs in "compages and design enquiry" and "planning, governance, and globalization".

Fanshawe College in London, Ontario Canada offers an honours available's degree called "Environmental Design and planning.^[4]

[edit]

University of Missouri, Columbia: Ph.D. in Human Environmental Sciences (PDF file) with emphasis in Architectural Studies.
Texas A & M University offers a Ph.D. in architecture that emphasizes environmental design.

Examples [edit]

Examples of the ecology design process include use of roadway noise calculator models in design of noise barriers and use of roadway air dispersion models in analyzing and designing urban highways.

Designers consciously working inside this more recent framework of philosophy and practice seek a blending of nature and engineering, regarding ecology as the basis for design. Some believe that strategies of conservation, stewardship, and regeneration tin can exist practical at all levels of scale from the individual building to the community, with do good to the human individual and local and planetary ecosystems.

Specific examples of large scale environmental blueprint projects include:

Boston Transportation Planning Review
BART – Bay Expanse Rapid Transit System Daly Metropolis Plough-dorsum projection and airport extension.
Metropolitan Portland, Oregon light rail system

Run across besides [edit]

Light-green building
Green development
Land recycling
Passive solar building design
Sustainable development
Ecological design

References [edit]

^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Urban center. Routledge. p. 225.
^ Chermayeff, Serge (1982). Richard Plunz (ed.). Design and the public expert : selected writings, 1930-1980. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN978-0-262-16088-9.
^ "Una brevísima historia de la arquitectura solar". Boletín CF+Southward (9).
^ "Honours Bachelor of Environmental Design and Planning - Fanshawe Higher". www.fanshawec.ca.